
Introduction
In the modern world, technology drives almost every part of our lives. From mobile phones and laptops to electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems, batteries are at the centre of how we live, work, and communicate. While their benefits are undeniable, batteries also pose a significant environmental challenge once they reach the end of their usable life. Discarded improperly, they can release harmful chemicals into soil and water, presenting long-lasting risks to both people and wildlife. This makes understanding and engaging with sustainable solutions, particularly recycling, crucial for a cleaner and safer future.